The Gimli glider
It was nearly 30 years ago that an Air Canada jet - enroute from Montreal to Edmonton - ran out of fuel due to a refuelling calculation error and became known as the Gimli Glider.
Capt. Robert Pearson with the help of his First Officer Maurice Quintal managed to avert a disaster and glided to an emergency landing on a decommissioned runway at on old air force base - just metres away from where a crowd had gathered to watch go cart races. All 69 people onboard survived.
The Tirupati incident
In November 1993, Indian Airlines Flight 440 executed a missed approach at Hyderabad Airport due to poor visibility, but the wing flaps failed to retract.
While trying to solve the problem, the crew diverted first to Chennai, then to Tirupati, but the delay and the need to fly slower due to the extended flaps resulted in the aircraft running out of fuel.
The plane crash-landed in a paddy field and was damaged beyond repair, but all 262 people onboard survived, including some Bollywood moviestars, which attracted widespread attention.
Glide to crash landing in Vienna
On a July 2000 flight from Greece to Germany, the crew of the Airbus encountered problems with fully raising the landing gear.
Despite diverting to Vienna, the plane ran out of fuel due to the extra drag produced by a half-raised landing gear. It glided for about 20 km before crash landing 500 metres short of the runway, striking airport equipment, spinning 120 degrees and sliding for 600m before coming to rest.
The airplane sustained substantial damage, but there were no serious injuries among the 150 people onboard.
Gliding over the Mid-Atlantic
In 2001, a fuel leak on an Air Transat flight headed to Lisbon from Toronto caused the engines to shut off and forced the pilots to cut power to the Airbus over the middle of the Atlantic Ocean with 306 people onboard.
Captain Robert Piche was hailed as a hero for a risky 19 minute glide - the longest recorded glide in a commercial airliner - before making a hard landing at an airbase on the Azores islands. A number of passengers suffered fractures and shock but there were no fatalities.
A report investigating the incodent blamed faulty maintenance and noted the pilots failed to recognize the leak.
Miracle on the Hudson
US Airways Flight 1549 had complete engine failure due to bird strikes moments after takeoff from New York's La Guardia airport.
Pilot Chesley Sullenberger skillfully steered the gliding jet toward the Hudson River and slowly brought it down on the water, keeping the fuselage intact. During the evacuation on the icy river, he walked the length of the floating plane twice, making sure no one was left behind.
Captain "Sully" has become a national hero and is credited with saving the lives of all 155 people onboard.
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A look back at harrowing flights 30 years after Gimli landing
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