Many residents evacuated a southeastern North Dakota town overnight after a train carrying crude oil derailed and exploded, and officials warned that acrid smoke could blow into the area.
No one was hurt in Monday's derailment of the 1.6-km-long train that sent a great fireball and plumes of black smoke skyward about 1.6 kilometres from the small town of Casselton. The fire had been so intense as darkness fell that investigators couldn't even get close enough to count the number of burning cars. Some burned through the night. The National Transportation Safety Board was preparing to investigate.
The Cass County Sheriff's Office called on the 2,400 people living in Casselton, about 40 kilometres west of Fargo, to leave their homes, citing a shift in winds blowing smoke toward the town. Health experts were testing the quality of the air but did not yet have results early Tuesday.
"Is it highly hazardous or did most of it burn off in the fire?" Sheriff Paul Laney said of elements in burning crude that could be risky for health. "We just don't know."
Laney said much of Casselton's water tower was covered in soot and that he expects to see a lot of the black powder around town as the day progresses.
"Wait until you see the footprints in the snow later on," he said. "That's the stuff coming out of the sky."
Sheriff's Deputy Joe Crawford said about two-thirds of the town's residents had heeded the recommendation to evacuate their homes. Officials were waiting for daybreak before making new attempts to investigate the scene. The fire died down overnight, "but we've still got plenty of smoke and plenty of fire and plenty of heat," Crawford said.
Terry Johnson, the manager of a grain dealer about a kilometre from the derailment, said he heard at least six explosions in the two hours following the derailment.
"It shook our building and there was a huge fireball," he said.
Official estimates of the extent of the blaze varied. BNSF Railway Co. said it believed about 20 cars caught fire after its oil train left the tracks about 2:10 p.m. local time Monday. The sheriff's office said Monday it thought 10 cars were on fire. Officials said the cars would be allowed to burn out.
Authorities haven't yet been able to untangle exactly how the derailment happened. BNSF spokeswoman Amy McBeth said another train carrying grain derailed first, and that this knocked several cars of the oil train off adjoining tracks.
BNSF said both trains had more than 100 cars each.
The incident will likely prompt discussion about the safety of transporting oil by cross-country rail. Fears of catastrophic derailments were particularly stoked after last summer's crash in Québec of a train carrying crude from North Dakota's Bakken oil patch. Forty-seven people died in the ensuing fire.
The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board said Monday night it has launched a "go-team" to investigate this latest derailment. Jeff Zent, a spokesman for Gov. Jack Dalrymple, said the National Guard was on alert if needed.
Ryan Toop, who lives less than a kilometre away, said he heard the explosions and drove in frigid temperatures until he was the equivalent of about two city blocks from the fire.
"I rolled down the window, and you could literally keep your hands warm," Toop said.
The rail tracks run straight through Casselton, and Cass County Sheriff's Sgt. Tara Morris said it was "a blessing [the derailment] didn't happen within the city."
A shelter was set up in Fargo and Casselton Mayor Ed McConnell said he didn't want anyone sleeping in their vehicles as temperatures dipped to –28 below overnight.
"All the experts say it can be a hazardous situation to their health," McConnell said. "We're going to try to get everybody out of the town."
The North Dakota Department of Health warned that exposure to burning crude could cause shortness of breath, coughing and itching and watery eyes. It had said those in the vicinity with respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis or emphysema should minimize outdoor activity.
North Dakota is the No. 2 oil-producing state in the U.S., trailing only Texas, and a growing amount of that is being shipped by rail. The state's top oil regulator said earlier this month that he expected as much as 90 per cent of North Dakota's oil would be carried by train in 2014, up from the current 60 per cent.
The number of crude oil carloads hauled by U.S. railroads surged from 10,840 in 2009 to a projected 400,000 this year. Despite the increase, the rate of accidents has stayed relatively steady. Railroads say 99.997 per cent of hazardous materials shipments reach destinations safely.
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